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Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting , crocheting , felting , and braiding or plaiting .
Scraps of wool fabric from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have been found in the salt mines of Hallstatt Austria. The fabric scraps were residuals of rags used in the mines. The rags, in turn were scraps from worn out garments. The Bronze age fabrics are relatively coarse in part due to the coarse wool available from the sheep at the time.
The weaving of cloth from natural fibers originated in the Middle East around 4000 BC, and perhaps earlier during the Neolithic Age, and the sewing of cloth accompanied this development. [8] During the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford it employed seamstresses and tailors.
Elaborate Maya textiles featured representations of animals, plants, and figures from oral history. [10] In modern times, weaving serves as both an art form and a source of income. [11] Organizing into weaving collectives have helped Maya women earn better money for their work and greatly expand the reach of Maya textiles in the world.
A blue khadi kurta.. Khadi (pronounced, Khādī), derived from khaddar, [1] [2] [3] is a hand-spun and woven natural fibre cloth promoted by Gandhi as swadeshi (of homeland) for the freedom struggle of India and the term is used throughout the Indian subcontinent [4] [5] The first piece of the hand-woven cloth was made in the Sabarmati Ashram of Gandhi during 1917–18.
The woven fabric portion of the textile industry grew out of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century as mass production of yarn and cloth became a mainstream industry. [ 7 ] In 1734 in Bury, Lancashire John Kay invented the flying shuttle — one of the first of a series of inventions associated with the cotton woven fabric industry.
Although modern consumers may take the production of clothing for granted, making fabric by hand is a tedious and labor-intensive process involving fiber making, spinning, and weaving. The textile industry was the first to be mechanized – with the powered loom – during the Industrial Revolution.
The handloom weaving process requires several stages in order to produce the final product. Traditionally the processes of dyeing (during the yarn, fabric, or garment stage), warping , sizing, attaching the warp, weft winding and weaving were done by weavers and local specialists around weaving villages. [ 4 ]