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  2. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    A freshwater aquatic food web. The blue arrows show a complete food chain (algae → daphnia → gizzard shad → largemouth bass → great blue heron). A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

  3. Soil food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_food_web

    In other words, the producers, consumers, and decomposers are the main trophic levels. This chain of energy transferring from one species to another can continue several more times, but eventually ends. At the end of the food chain, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead plant and animal material into simple nutrients.

  4. Food chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain

    Food chain in a Swedish lake. Osprey feed on northern pike, which in turn feed on perch which eat bleak which eat crustaceans.. A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice ...

  5. Trophic level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level

    A diagram that sets out the intricate network of intersecting and overlapping food chains for an ecosystem is called its food web. [6] Decomposers are often left off food webs, but if included, they mark the end of a food chain. [6] Thus food chains start with primary producers and end with decay and decomposers. Since decomposers recycle ...

  6. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    There are two major food chains: The primary food chain is the energy coming from autotrophs and passed on to the consumers; and the second major food chain is when carnivores eat the herbivores or decomposers that consume the autotrophic energy. [16] Consumers are broken down into primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers.

  7. Glossary of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ecology

    The feeding relationships between different species in a given ecosystem. Also called a food chain, food network, or trophic social network. weed A plant growing where it is not wanted, often at a high rate of dispersal. wetland A type of ecosystem consisting of land permanently or seasonally saturated with water; the habitat of aquatic plants ...

  8. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    Biomes vary due to global variations in climate. Biomes are often defined by their structure: at a general level, for example, tropical forests, temperate grasslands, and arctic tundra. [4]: 14 There can be any degree of subcategories among ecosystem types that comprise a biome, e.g., needle-leafed boreal forests or wet

  9. Desert ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_ecology

    Desert ecology is the study of interactions between both biotic and abiotic components of desert environments. A desert ecosystem is defined by interactions between organisms , the climate in which they live, and any other non-living influences on the habitat .