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Earth has a geomagnetic field of 30–60 microteslas, and a neodymium-based, rare-earth magnet has a field of about 1.25 tesla, with a magnetic energy density of 4.0 × 10 5 J/m 3. A magnetar's 10 10 tesla field, by contrast, has an energy density of 4.0 × 10 25 J/m 3 , with an E / c 2 mass density more than 10,000 times that of lead .
A magnetic field is a vector field, but if it is expressed in Cartesian components X, Y, Z, each component is the derivative of the same scalar function called the magnetic potential. Analyses of the Earth's magnetic field use a modified version of the usual spherical harmonics that differ by a multiplicative factor.
The largest magnetic fields produced in a laboratory occur in particle accelerators, such as RHIC, inside the collisions of heavy ions, where microscopic fields reach 10 14 T. [50] [51] Magnetars have the strongest known magnetic fields of any naturally occurring object, ranging from 0.1 to 100 GT (10 8 to 10 11 T).
Strongest non-tiny continuous magnetic field produced in a laboratory (Steady High Magnetic Field Facility (SHMFF) in Hefei, China, 2022), [21] beating previous 45 T record (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's FSU, USA, 1999) [22] (both are hybrid magnets, combining a superconducting magnet with a resistive magnet) 45.5 T: 455 kG
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Ferrofluid on glass, with a rare-earth magnet underneath. A rare-earth magnet is a strong permanent magnet made from alloys of rare-earth elements.Developed in the 1970s and 1980s, rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made, producing significantly stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets.
A bowling ball made of neodymium-iron-boron (strongest grade) 10 6: 5 × 10 6 m 2 ⋅A [10] Any magnet able to produce 1 tesla one metre away from its centre 10 19: 4 × 10 19 m 2 ⋅A [11] Magnetic field of Mercury: 10 20: 1.32 × 10 20 m 2 ⋅A [11] Magnetic field of Ganymede: 10 22: 6.4 × 10 22 m 2 ⋅A [12] Earth's magnetic field 10 24: 2 ...