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The Northwestern wolf is also one of the longest wolf subspecies, as its length usually ranges from 5 to 6 ft (152–183 cm) and can reach as long as 7 ft (213 cm). [ 13 ] [ 14 ] In comparison, the mean adult weights of its nearest rivals in size, the Eurasian wolf ( C. l. lupus ) and the Interior Alaskan wolf ( C. l. pambasileus ), was ...
Like the red wolf, the eastern wolf is intermediate in size between the coyote and gray wolf, with females weighing 23.9 kilograms (53 lb) on average and males 30.3 kilograms (67 lb). Like the gray wolf, its average lifespan is 3–4 years, with a maximum of 15 years. [20]
A North American wolf. The wolf is the largest extant member of the family Canidae, [32] and is further distinguished from coyotes and jackals by a broader snout, shorter ears, a shorter torso and a longer tail. [33] [32] It is slender and powerfully built, with a large, deeply descending rib cage, a sloping back, and a heavily muscled neck. [34]
The northern Rocky Mountain wolf (Canis lupus irremotus), also known as the northern Rocky Mountain timber wolf, [3] is a subspecies of the gray wolf native to the northern Rocky Mountains. It is a light-colored, medium to large-sized subspecies with a narrow, flattened frontal bone . [ 4 ]
In 2021, a mitochondrial DNA analysis of North American wolf-like canines indicates that the extinct Late Pleistocene Beringian wolf was the ancestor of the southern wolf clade, which includes the Mexican wolf and the Great Plains wolf. The Mexican wolf is the most ancestral of the gray wolves that live in North America today. [17]
The taxonomic classification of Canis lupus in Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition, 2005) listed 27 subspecies of North American wolf, [7] corresponding to the 24 Canis lupus subspecies and the three Canis rufus subspecies of Hall (1981). [1] The table below shows the extant subspecies, with the extinct ones listed in the following section.
It is recognized as a subspecies of Canis lupus in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005). [6] It was first described in 1905 by the American zoologist Daniel Elliot as Canis pambasileus and with the name "autocrat timber wolf", based on a specimen from the Susitna River, Mount McKinley region, Alaska.
The decline of North American wolf populations coincided with increasing human populations and the expansion of agriculture. In Canada, the gray wolf was extirpated in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia between 1870 and 1921, and in Newfoundland around 1911. It vanished from the southern regions of Quebec and Ontario between 1850 and 1900.