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Macronutrients are defined as a class of chemical compounds which humans consume in relatively large quantities compared to vitamins and minerals which provide humans with energy. Fat has a food energy content of 38 kilojoules per gram (9 kilocalories per gram) proteins and carbohydrates 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g). [2]
The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition. [2] Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions.
The terms "healthy diet" and "diet for weight management" (dieting) are often related, as the two promote healthy weight management. [7] [8] If a person is overweight or obese, changing to a diet and lifestyle that allows them to burn more calories than they consume may improve their overall health, [2] possibly preventing diseases that are ...
A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy. [2] [3] A healthy diet may contain fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and may include little to no ultra-processed foods or sweetened beverages.
[25] [26] Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. [27] Healthy humans fed artificially composed diets that are deficient in choline develop fatty liver, liver damage, and muscle damage.
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients , which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures.
A third class of dietary material, fiber (i.e., nondigestible material such as cellulose), seems also to be required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, though the exact reasons remain unclear. For all age groups, males on average need to consume higher amounts of macronutrients than females.
Various foods. This is a categorically organized list of foods.Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. [1] It is produced either by plants, animals, or fungi, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.