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Rigor is a cornerstone quality of mathematics, and can play an important role in preventing mathematics from degenerating into fallacies. well-behaved An object is well-behaved (in contrast with being Pathological ) if it satisfies certain prevailing regularity properties, or if it conforms to mathematical intuition (even though intuition can ...
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers. One of the central concepts in number theory is that of the prime number , and there are many questions about primes that appear simple but whose ...
It turns out functions like this have certain properties that cast insight into math topics like Algebra and Number Theory. British mathematicians Bryan Birch and Peter Swinnerton-Dyer developed ...
A collection of twelve things or units from Old French dozaine "a dozen, a number of twelve" in various usages, from doze (12c.) [2] Baker's dozen: 13 From the notion that a baker would include an extra item in a batch of twelve so as not to be accused of shortchanging a customer Half-dozen 6 Six of something Decade: 10
Also called infinitesimal calculus A foundation of calculus, first developed in the 17th century, that makes use of infinitesimal numbers. Calculus of moving surfaces an extension of the theory of tensor calculus to include deforming manifolds. Calculus of variations the field dedicated to maximizing or minimizing functionals. It used to be called functional calculus. Catastrophe theory a ...
lg – common logarithm (log 10) or binary logarithm (log 2). LHS – left-hand side of an equation. Li – offset logarithmic integral function. li – logarithmic integral function or linearly independent. lim – limit of a sequence, or of a function. lim inf – limit inferior. lim sup – limit superior. LLN – law of large numbers.
Beyond elementary mathematics, [] are mostly used for other purposes, e.g. to denote a closed interval, or an equivalence class, so they appear rarely for grouping. The usage of the word "brackets" varies from country. In the United States, the term denotes [], known elsewhere as "square brackets".