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systemd tracks processes using the Linux kernel's cgroups subsystem instead of using process identifiers (PIDs); thus, daemons cannot "escape" systemd, not even by double-forking. systemd not only uses cgroups, but also augments them with systemd-nspawn and machinectl , two utility programs that facilitate the creation and management of Linux ...
Although systemd is, as of 2016, used by default in most major Linux distributions, runlevels can still be used through the means provided by the sysvinit project. After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel.
kdump (Linux) – Linux kernel's crash dump mechanism, which internally uses kexec System.map – contains mappings between symbol names and their addresses in memory, used to interpret oopses References
Monit can restart a process automatically if the process dies or monitor process characteristics, such as memory or CPU cycles, and alert by email [7] or execute and action. [8] Additionally, M/Monit can monitor and manage distributed computer systems, M/Monit uses Monit as an agent and can manage and monitor. M/Monit is proprietary software.
In this case, the kernel normally continues to run after killing the offending process. As an oops could cause some subsystems or resources to become unavailable, they can later lead to a full kernel panic.
Out of memory screen display on system running Debian 12 (Linux kernel 6.1.0-28). Out of memory (OOM) is an often undesired state of computer operation where no additional memory can be allocated for use by programs or the operating system.
pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...
In Unix and other POSIX-compatible systems, the parent process can retrieve the exit status of a child process using the wait() family of system calls defined in wait.h. [10] Of these, the waitid() [ 11 ] call retrieves the full exit status, but the older wait() and waitpid() [ 12 ] calls retrieve only the least significant 8 bits of the exit ...