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systemd tracks processes using the Linux kernel's cgroups subsystem instead of using process identifiers (PIDs); thus, daemons cannot "escape" systemd, not even by double-forking. systemd not only uses cgroups, but also augments them with systemd-nspawn and machinectl , two utility programs that facilitate the creation and management of Linux ...
kdump (Linux) – Linux kernel's crash dump mechanism, which internally uses kexec System.map – contains mappings between symbol names and their addresses in memory, used to interpret oopses References
The startup function startup_32() for the kernel (also called the swapper or process 0) establishes memory management (paging tables and memory paging), detects the type of CPU and any additional functionality such as floating point capabilities, and then switches to non-architecture specific Linux kernel functionality via a call to start ...
Monit can restart a process automatically if the process dies or monitor process characteristics, such as memory or CPU cycles, and alert by email [7] or execute and action. [8] Additionally, M/Monit can monitor and manage distributed computer systems, M/Monit uses Monit as an agent and can manage and monitor. M/Monit is proprietary software.
In this case, the kernel normally continues to run after killing the offending process. As an oops could cause some subsystems or resources to become unavailable, they can later lead to a full kernel panic.
Although systemd is, as of 2016, used by default in most major Linux distributions, runlevels can still be used through the means provided by the sysvinit project. After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel.
Out of memory screen display on system running Debian 12 (Linux kernel 6.1.0-28). Out of memory (OOM) is an often undesired state of computer operation where no additional memory can be allocated for use by programs or the operating system.
On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non-standard options aux, where "a" lists all processes on a terminal, including those of other users, "x" lists all processes without controlling terminals and "u" adds a column for the controlling user for each process. For maximum compatibility, there is no "-" in front of the "aux". "ps auxww ...