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Hamburg (German: [ˈhambʊʁk] ⓘ, [7] locally also [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ⓘ; Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːç] ⓘ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, [8] [a] is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 6th-largest in the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million.
Hamburg has a total area of 755 km 2 (292 sq mi). Hamburg was an independent and sovereign state of the German Confederation (1815–66), a city-state the North German Confederation (1866–71), the German Empire (1871–1918) and during the period of the Weimar Republic (1919–33). In Nazi Germany Hamburg was a Gau from 1934 until
A borough of Hamburg is not comparable to other local administrations in Germany. The Constitution of Hamburg determines that Hamburg is both a state and a single municipality. But it allows that boroughs can be formed for the purpose of local administrative. [4] The boroughs have minor rights to determine local administration. [5]
The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen states. [a] Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen (with its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven) are called Stadtstaaten ("city-states"), while the other thirteen states are called Flächenländer ("area states") and include Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia, which describe themselves as Freistaaten ("free states").
The Port of Hamburg (German: Hamburger Hafen, pronounced [ˈhambʊʁɡɐ ˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ) is a seaport on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany, 110 kilometres (68 mi) from its mouth on the North Sea. Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" ( Tor zur Welt ), [ 4 ] it is the country's largest seaport by volume. [ 5 ]
Starting from the north and continuing on clockwise, Hamburg-Nord borders on the state of Schleswig-Holstein and the Hamburg boroughs of Wandsbek, Mitte, and Altona.The borough is divided into 13 localities, namely Alsterdorf, Barmbek-Nord, Barmbek-Süd, Dulsberg, Eppendorf, Fuhlsbüttel, Groß Borstel, Hoheluft-Ost, Hohenfelde, Langenhorn, Ohlsdorf, Uhlenhorst, and Winterhude.
The Hamburg Metropolitan Region (German: Metropolregion Hamburg) is a metropolitan region centred around the city of Hamburg in northern Germany, consisting of eight districts (Landkreise) in the federal state of Lower Saxony, six districts (Kreise) in the state of Schleswig-Holstein and two districts in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern along with the city-state of Hamburg itself.
An Ingaevonian settlement at this location was known by the name "Treva" – a strategic trading node on amber routes during Iron Age and Late Antiquity. In the 8th century CE, Saxon merchants established what was to become the nucleus of Hamburg: the "Hammaburg", then a refuge fort located at today's Domplatz, the site of the former cathedral. [2]
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