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Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] Complications may include seizures, cerebral palsy, or kernicterus. [1] In most of cases there is no specific underlying physiologic disorder. [2]
Transient neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions occurring in newborns (children under 28 days of age) with more than 80 per cent experienceing jaundice during their first week of life. [53] Jaundice in infants, as in adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (infants: total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL).
Neonatal cholestasis refers to elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin identified in newborn infants within the first few months of life. [1] Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is clinically defined as >20% of total serum bilirubin or conjugated bilirubin concentration greater than 1.0 mg/dL regardless of total serum bilirubin concentration. [2]
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. [3]
The presence of urobilinogen and its increased levels indicate that there are more than normal amounts of bilirubin in the intestine, showing that jaundice observed is not due to the blockage of bile flow, and is of pre-hepatic or hepatic causes. [32] Normal colour of the patient's urine indicates the absence of unconjugated bilirubin. [27]
Van den Bergh reaction is a chemical reaction used to measure bilirubin levels in blood. [1] [2] More specifically, it determines the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood. The reaction produces azobilirubin. Principle: bilirubin reacts with diazotised sulphanilic acid to produce purple coloured azobilirubin. [3]
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1.99-3.34 × 10 −6: female newborn 1.67-3.64 × 10 −6: pre-pubertal children 1.0-6.0 × 10 −7: premenopausal 8.2-33.8 × 10 −7: pregnancy 2.3-11.7 × 10 −7: postmenopausal 1.1-6.1 × 10 −7: 11-Deoxycortisol: 1-7 × 10 −8: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) male 3-8 × 10 −9: female 1-10 × 10 −10: Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) 8-16 × ...