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A fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS) is a device designed to measure direct current. Utilizing a single-ended optical fiber wrapped around the current conductor, [1] FOCS exploits the magneto-optic effect (Faraday effect). [2] The FOCS can measure uni- or bi-directional DC currents up to 600 kA, with an accuracy within ±0.1% of the measured value.
The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect current sensor; the only difference is that this method uses the saturable inductor instead of the Hall-effect sensor in the air gap. Saturable inductor current sensor is based on the detection of an inductance change. The saturable inductor is ...
The Gilbert cell is a circuit whose output current is a 4 quadrant multiplication of its two differential inputs. Integrated circuits analog multipliers are incorporated into many applications, such as a true RMS converter , but a number of general purpose analog multiplier building blocks are available such as the Linear Four Quadrant Multiplier .
It is a generalized case of an early circuit first used by Howard Jones in 1963, [2] invented independently and greatly augmented by Barrie Gilbert in 1967. [3] It is a specific example of "translinear" design, a current-mode approach to analog circuit design.
The technique is very sensitive and can detect tight cracks. Surface inspection can be performed both on ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials. [8] [9] Tubing inspection is generally limited to non-ferromagnetic tubing and is known as conventional eddy current testing.
Plate detector circuit with cathode bias. Cathode bias RC time constant three times period of lowest carrier frequency. C L is typically around 250 pF.. In electronics, a plate detector (anode bend detector, grid bias detector) is a vacuum tube circuit in which an amplifying tube having a control grid is operated in a non-linear region of its grid voltage versus plate current transfer ...
A phase frequency detector (PFD) is an asynchronous circuit originally made of four flip-flops (i.e., the phase-frequency detectors found in both the RCA CD4046 and the motorola MC4344 ICs introduced in the 1970s). The logic determines which of the two signals has a zero-crossing earlier or more often.
The 2-D tetra-lateral PSD has the advantages of fast response, much lower dark current, easy bias application and lower fabrication cost. Its measurement accuracy and resolution is independent of the spot shape and size unlike the quadrant detector which could be easily changed by air turbulence. However, it suffers from the nonlinearity problem.