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Macular scarring is formation of the fibrous tissue in place of the normal retinal tissue on the macular area of the retina which provides the sharpest vision in the eyes. It is usually a result of an inflammatory or infectious process. [1]
Tractional retinal detachment occurs when scar tissue on the retina exerts a pulling force, leading to detachment. [ 6 ] [ 10 ] This is occurs in the absence of retinal tears or breaks and is most commonly associated with abnormal blood vessel growth due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy .
PVD can create minor damage to the retina, stimulating exudate, inflammation, and leucocyte response. These cells can form a transparent layer gradually and, like all scar tissue, tighten to create tension on the retina which may bulge and pucker, or even cause swelling or macular edema.
Procedures include a vitrectomy and removal of scar tissue to reduce the tension that is causing the traction on the retina. [3] An appropriately placed gas bubble that is injected into the eye by an ophthalmologist may also be used to treat VTS with the goal of decreasing the tension and traction to reduce VTS. [3]
Associated with the growth of these new vessels is fibrous tissue (scar tissue) that may contract to cause retinal detachment. Multiple factors can determine whether the disease progresses, including overall health, birth weight, the stage of ROP at initial diagnosis, and the presence or absence of "plus disease".
Steps to reattach the retina may include vitrectomy to clear the inner jelly, scleral buckling to create a support for the reattached retina, membranectomy to remove scar tissue, injection of dense liquids to smooth the retina into place, photocoagulation to bond the retina back against the wall of the eye, and injection of a gas or silicone ...
The laser is used to create a row of microscopic burns in the target tissue to cause scarring which will prevent the edges of the tear from detaching from the layer below. Laser photocoagulation can help prevent the deterioration of some retinal disorders and reduce the risk of future vision loss, but it cannot restore vision once it has been lost.
Retinal cryopexy, or retinal cryotherapy, is a procedure that uses intense cold to induce a chorioretinal scar and to destroy retinal or choroidal tissue. [24] Macular hole repair; Partial lamellar sclerouvectomy [25] Partial lamellar sclerocyclochoroidectomy; Partial lamellar sclerochoroidectomy