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  2. Abstract and concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_and_concrete

    In philosophy and the arts, a fundamental distinction exists between abstract and concrete entities. While there is no universally accepted definition, common examples illustrate the difference: numbers, sets, and ideas are typically classified as abstract objects, whereas plants, dogs, and planets are considered concrete objects.

  3. Abstract object theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_object_theory

    Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics (1983) is the title of a publication by Edward Zalta that outlines abstract object theory. AOT is a dual predication approach (also known as "dual copula strategy") to abstract objects [3] influenced by the contributions of Alexius Meinong [4] [5] and his student Ernst Mally.

  4. Object diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_diagram

    Each object and link on an object diagram is represented by an InstanceSpecification. This can show an object's classifier (e.g. an abstract or concrete class) and instance name, as well as attributes and other structural features using slots. Each slot corresponds to a single attribute or feature, and may include a value for that entity.

  5. Object (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(computer_science)

    [1]: 78 An object can model some part of reality or can be an invention of the design process whose collaborations with other such objects serve as the mechanisms that provide some higher-level behavior. Put another way, an object represents an individual, identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in ...

  6. Creational pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creational_pattern

    abstract factory pattern, which provides an interface for creating related or dependent objects without specifying the objects' concrete classes. [3] builder pattern, which separates the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.

  7. Design Patterns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Patterns

    The authors employ the term 'toolkit' where others might today use 'class library', as in C# or Java. In their parlance, toolkits are the object-oriented equivalent of subroutine libraries, whereas a 'framework' is a set of cooperating classes that make up a reusable design for a specific class of software. They state that applications are hard ...

  8. Universal (metaphysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_(metaphysics)

    Paradigmatically, universals are abstract (e.g. humanity), whereas particulars are concrete (e.g. the personhood of Socrates). However, universals are not necessarily abstract and particulars are not necessarily concrete. [3] For example, one might hold that numbers are particular yet abstract objects.

  9. List of abstractions (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abstractions...

    Provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. Builder pattern: Allows for the step-by-step construction of complex objects, separating the construction process from its representation. Prototype pattern: Creates new objects by copying an existing object, known as the ...