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In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.
Dembner (1996) reported a universal "disdain for the term 'pygmy '" among the Pygmy peoples of Central Africa: the term is considered a pejorative, and people prefer to be referred to by the name of their respective ethnic or tribal groups, such as Bayaka, Mbuti and Twa. [2]
Pygmy Nilo-Saharan: 47 2 59 0 34 0 4 0 0 0 Wood 2005 [1] Pygmy [nb 15] Niger-Congo: 60 5 53.3 28.3 0 0 3.3 0 Berniell 2009 [4] São Tomé and Príncipe: Indo-European: 150 1.3 0 0 84.0 0 0 8.7 0 Gonçalves 2008 [15] Sandawe: Sandawe (Isolate) 68 4 14 43 34 Tishkoff 2007 [6] Senegalese: Niger-Congo: 139 0 0 5.0 81.3 6.5 2.9 0 0 0 Hassan 2008 [2 ...
The men grow to an average height of 142 cm (4 ft. 8 in.), and women tend to be about 5 cm (2 in.) shorter. Dr. Jean-Pierre Hallet was very involved with the Efé, from raising awareness to the plight of the tribe, to the introduction of new foods and methods previously unknown (such as a legume called the "winged bean" of New Guinea ).
If this is a common pattern with Twa groups, it may explain why the Twa are less physically distinct from their patrons than the Mbenga and Mbuti, where village men take Pygmy women out of the forest as wives. [6] The Congolese variant of the name, at least in Mongo, Kasai, and Katanga, is Cwa. [a]
In some instances, women may hunt using a net more often than men. The women and the children herd the animals to the net, while the men guard the net. Everyone engages in foraging, and women and men both take care of the children. Women are in charge of cooking, cleaning and repairing the hut, and obtaining water.
Ethnic classifications vary from country to country and are therefore not comparable across countries. While some countries make classifications based on broad ancestry groups or characteristics such as skin color (e.g., the white ethnic category in the United States and some other countries), other countries use various ethnic, cultural ...