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The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years.
The immigration history of Australia began with the initial human migration to the continent around 80,000 years ago [1] when the ancestors of Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea. [2]
A 2021 study which mapped likely migration routes suggests that the populating of the Sahul took 5,000–6,000 years to reach Tasmania (then part of the continent), [28] with a rate of one kilometre per year, [29] after making landfall in the Kimberley region of Western Australia around 60,000 years ago. [28]
Migration from Sunda through the Wallacea occurred during the Late Pleistocene, when sea levels were much lower than today. Repeated episodes of glaciation during the Pleistocene resulted in sea levels 100 to 150 meters lower than today. Between 70,000 and 50,000 years ago, the first settlement occurred in the Sahul (New Guinea and Australia ...
[82] [83] This is supported by a date of 50,000–60,000 years ago for the oldest evidence of settlement in Australia, [71] [84] around 40,000 years ago for the oldest human remains, [71] the earliest humans artifacts which are at least 65,000 years old [85] and the extinction of the Australian megafauna by humans between 46,000 and 15,000 ...
The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. [14] The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by labourers and skilled migrants.
The Australian population increased from 430,000 in 1851 to 1,170,000 in 1861. Victoria became the most populous colony and Melbourne the largest city. [197] [198] Chinese migration was a particular concern for colonial officials due to the widespread belief that it represented a danger to white Australian living standards and morality.
This would prove that over 100,000 years ago human populations of Homo sapiens exploited the intertidal zone for food purposes. The coastal route theory is primarily used to describe the initial peopling of West Asia , India , Southeast Asia , New Guinea , Australia , Near Oceania , and East Asia beginning between roughly 70,000 and 50,000 ...