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  2. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologically_Integrated...

    ZIP codes are not truly areas, but rather a group of deliverable addresses. [2] Some or all of an existing ZIP code's addresses may be reassigned to a new ZIP if there is sufficient growth within a given postal ZIP Code. As many as 3% of ZIP codes undergo change each quarter. Thus, the 5-digit ZCTAs are of limited value in areas of growth or ...

  3. Apple Store - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Store

    The Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc. The stores sell, service and repair various Apple products, including Mac desktop and MacBook laptop personal computers, iPhone smartphones, iPad tablet computers, Apple Watch smartwatches, Apple TV digital media players, software, and both Apple-branded and selected third-party accessories.

  4. Address geocoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_geocoding

    Address geocoding, or simply geocoding, is the process of taking a text-based description of a location, such as an address or the name of a place, and returning geographic coordinates, frequently latitude/longitude pair, to identify a location on the Earth's surface. [1]

  5. Geographic information retrieval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information...

    The study of GIR systems has a rich history dating back to the 1970s and possibly earlier. See Ray Larson’s book Geographic information retrieval and spatial browsing [20] for references to much of the pre-Web literature on GIR. In 2005 the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum added a geographic track, GeoCLEF.

  6. Retail geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail_geography

    Retail geography, or geography of retailing, is the study of where to place retail stores based on where their customers are. The use of retail geography has grown significantly in the past decade as a result of the use of geographic information systems . It first emerged in the United States in the 1960s. [1]

  7. Geographic data and information - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_data_and...

    There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced , such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling .

  8. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

    A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Much of this often happens within a spatial database ; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [ 1 ]

  9. Internet GIS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_GIS

    The World Wide Web is an information system that uses the internet to host, share, and distribute documents, images, and other data. [33] Web GIS involves using the World Wide Web to facilitate GIS tasks traditionally done on a desktop computer, as well as enabling the sharing of maps and spatial data. [7]