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Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used in alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
The first anticonvulsant was bromide, suggested in 1857 by the British gynecologist Charles Locock who used it to treat women with "hysterical epilepsy" (probably catamenial epilepsy). Bromides are effective against epilepsy, and also cause impotence, which is not related to its anti-epileptic effects. Bromide also suffered from the way it ...
The seizures are often resistant to treatment. [2] High doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates are often used, with care taking place in the intensive care unit. [2] A ketogenic diet may help in some cases. [1] The medications anakinra or tocilizumab have been tried. [2] The risk of death, despite treatment is about 12%. [2]
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Valproate has a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity, although it is primarily used as a first-line treatment for tonic–clonic seizures, absence seizures and myoclonic seizures and as a second-line treatment for partial seizures and infantile spasms. [21] [22] It has also been successfully given intravenously to treat status epilepticus ...
Certain medications have side effects that are not related to dose such as rashes, liver toxicity, or suppression of the bone marrow. [157] Up to a quarter of people stop treatment due to adverse effects. [157] Some medications are associated with birth defects when used in pregnancy. [106]
Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [3] [5] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures. [6] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments. [7] [5] It is taken by ...
In about 70% of cases of childhood epilepsy, medication can completely control seizures. [24] While there is limited evidence supporting their use, [26] medications used to treat infantile epilepsy have included levetiracetam, topiramate, vigabatrin, phenytoin, lamotrigine, rufinamide, stiripentol, carbamazepine, valproate, and phenobarbital. [27]