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Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5-CH=CH-COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. [ 4 ] Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid , it occurs naturally in a number of plants.
B(C 6 F 5) 3 forms a strong Lewis adduct with water, [5] which was shown to be a strong Brønsted acid having an acidity comparable to hydrochloric acid (in acetonitrile). [6] In consequence, even traces of moisture are able to deactivate B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and remaining catalytic activity might only be due to the Brønsted acidity of the water adduct.
Trifluoroacetic acid is a strong acid. [12] TFA is harmful when inhaled, causes severe skin burns and is toxic for aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. Skin burns are severe, heal poorly and can be necrotic. Vapour fumes have an LC 50 of 10.01 mg/L, tested on rats over 4 hours.
[4] It can be used in place of oxalyl chloride in the Swern oxidation, allowing temperatures up to −30 °C. [5] With sodium iodide, it reduces sulfoxides to sulfides. [4] Trifluoroacetic anhydride is the recommended desiccant for trifluoroacetic acid. [6]
The trifluoromethyl group is a functional group that has the formula-CF 3. The naming of is group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula -CH 3), by replacing each hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom. Some common examples are trifluoromethane H– CF 3, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane H 3 C – CF 3, and hexafluoroacetone F 3 C –CO– CF 3.
Trifluoroethanol is produced industrially by hydrogenation or the hydride reduction of derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid, such as the esters or acyl chloride. [1]TFE can also be prepared by hydrogenolysis of compounds of generic formula CF 3 −CHOH−OR (where R is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from one to eight carbon atoms), in the presence of a palladium containing catalyst ...
Trifluoroacetone is produced from trifluoroacetoacetic acid, which is synthesized by condensation of ethyl trifluoroacetate and ethyl acetate: CF 3 CO 2 C 2 H 5 + CH 3 CO 2 C 2 H 5 → CF 3 C(O)CH 2 CO 2 C 2 H 5 + C 2 H 5 OH. Hydrolysis of the keto-ester, followed by decarboxylation affords trifluoroacetone: CF 3 C(O)CH 2 CO 2 C 2 H 5 + H 2 O ...
A derivative of trifluorotoluene, 3-aminobenzotrifluoride, is the precursor to the herbicide fluometuron. [3] It is synthesized via nitration followed by reduction to meta-H 2 NC 6 H 4 CF 3. This aniline is then converted to the urea. Flumetramide (6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]morpholin-3-one), a skeletal muscle relaxant, is also prepared from ...