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  2. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue

    Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) [1] is a component of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which works in the immune system to protect the body from invasion in the gut. Owing to its physiological function in food absorption, the mucosal surface is thin and acts as a permeable barrier to the interior of the body.

  3. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line.

  4. Microfold cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfold_cell

    However, in females that are lactating, M cells recognize antigen and IgA is directed from the gut to the mammary gland. IgA traveling from the gut to breast milk supply is controlled by hormones, chemokines, and cytokines. Thus, the mammary gland and breast milk have critical roles alongside M cells in mucosal immune system. [10]

  5. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    The immune system is affected by sleep and rest, and sleep deprivation is detrimental to immune function. [96] Complex feedback loops involving cytokines , such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α produced in response to infection, appear to also play a role in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep. [ 97 ]

  6. Mucosal immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosal_immunology

    Mucosal immunology is the study of immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract, and the respiratory system. [1] The mucous membranes are in constant contact with microorganisms , food, and inhaled antigens . [ 2 ]

  7. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosa-associated_lymphoid...

    The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin.

  8. Gastrointestinal wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall

    The gut has intrinsic peristaltic activity (basal electrical rhythm) due to its self-contained enteric nervous system. The rate can, of course, be modulated by the rest of the autonomic nervous system. The layers are not truly longitudinal or circular, rather the layers of muscle are helical with different pitches.

  9. Gastrointestinal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology

    The digestive system has a complex system of motility and secretion regulation which is vital for proper function. This task is accomplished via a system of long reflexes from the central nervous system (CNS), short reflexes from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and reflexes from GI peptides working in harmony with each other.