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BOD test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
Marketing mix modeling (MMM) is an analytical approach that uses historic information to quantify impact of marketing activities on sales. Example information that can be used are syndicated point-of-sale data (aggregated collection of product retail sales activity across a chosen set of parameters, like category of product or geographic market) and companies’ internal data.
The original marketing mix, or 4 Ps, as originally proposed by marketers and academic Philip Kotler and E. Jerome McCarthy, provides a framework for marketing decision-making. [6] McCarthy's marketing mix has since become one of the most enduring and widely accepted frameworks in marketing. [22]
They need to measure marketing outcomes from the consumers’ point of view, they need to include all marketing activities, they must be repeated over time, and they must meet statistical and technical criteria required of all measurement systems. [citation needed] The measurements need to be true outcome indicators. Unlike sales where the ...
Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior.
In the absence of further exposures adstock eventually decays to negligible levels. Measuring and determining adstock, especially when developing a marketing-mix model is a key component of determining marketing effectiveness. There are two dimensions to advertising adstock: decay or lagged effect. saturation or diminishing returns effect.
The four components of food marketing are often called the "four Ps" of the marketing mix because they relate to product, price, promotion, and place. [11] [12] One reason food manufacturers receive the largest percentage of the retail food dollar is that they provide the most differentiating, value-added service.
What Sticks was named the #1 Book in Marketing by Ad Age [3] and is required reading at leading universities including the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania [4] and Harvard, [5] suggesting that the Marketing Effectiveness continues to be an important business topic. A preferred marketing effectiveness analysis is marketing mix ...