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Cutaneous respiration, or cutaneous gas exchange (sometimes called skin breathing), [1] is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs. Cutaneous respiration may be the sole method of gas exchange, or may accompany other forms, such as ventilation.
Lake Nyos, the site of a limnic eruption in 1986. A limnic eruption, also known as a lake overturn, is a very rare type of natural hazard in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2) suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud capable of asphyxiating wildlife, livestock, and humans.
Both processes cause mixing and therefore cooling/heating of the SST skin. For example, when rough seas occur during the day, colder water from lower layers are mixed with the ocean skin. When gravity waves are present at the sea surface, there is a modulation of ocean skin temperature. In this modulation, the wind plays an important role.
Highly Toxic: a gas that has a LC 50 in air of 200 ppm or less. [2] NFPA 704: Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury are given a Health Hazard rating of 3. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC 50 values greater than 1,000 ppm but less than or equal to 3,000 ppm ...
The term volcanic ash is also often loosely used to refer to all explosive eruption products (correctly referred to as tephra), including particles larger than 2 mm. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when dissolved gases in magma expand and escape violently into the atmosphere. The force of the gases shatters the magma ...
Smooth skin: dolphins have little tear drops in their skin which traps some water so water flows over the water that is trapped. The skin feels soft and flaky and sheds every two hours. [4] This helps dolphins swim through the sea water at high speed. Shark skin: the surface of shark skin is covered with tiny 'teeth' or dermal denticles. The ...
For example: At 10 meters sea water (msw) the partial pressure of nitrogen in air will be 1.58 bar. [3] The inert gases from the breathing gas in the lungs diffuse into blood in the alveolar capillaries ("move down the pressure gradient") and are distributed around the body by the systemic circulation in the process known as perfusion. [3]
Apart from possible atmospheric effects, many deeper-dwelling marine organisms could not adapt to an ocean where oxygen penetrated only the surface layers. [ citation needed ] An economically significant consequence of oceanic anoxic events is the fact that the prevailing conditions in so many Mesozoic oceans has helped produce most of the ...