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Infections (such as pelvic inflammatory disease), internal scars from abdominal surgery, non-cancerous growths, and internal scars from radiation therapy can also cause frozen pelvis. [1] Genital tuberculosis is a relatively common cause of infertility in some countries, such as India, and can cause frozen pelvis. [4] [5]
A peritoneal inclusion cyst is a cyst-like structure that appears in the pelvis due to non neoplastic reactive mesothelial proliferation, often as a consequence of prior episodes of pelvic inflammation, as can occur in pelvic inflammatory disease.
[136] 55% to 100% of individuals develop adhesions following pelvic surgery, [148] which can result in infertility, chronic abdominal and pelvic pain, and difficult reoperative surgery. Trehan's temporary ovarian suspension, a technique in which the ovaries are suspended for a week after surgery, may be used to reduce the incidence of adhesions ...
Endometriosis is when a person has their uterine endometrial tissue that is growing somewhere besides its normal location, most commonly at the pelvic peritoneum. [33] This can also be regarded as "lesions outside of the uterus". [34] This condition has been described as "benign and estrogen dependent", therefore impacting those who produce ...
Endometrioma is found in 17–44% patients with endometriosis. [2] More broadly, endometriosis is the presence of tissue similar to, but distinct from, endometrial tissue located outside the uterus. The presence of endometriosis can result in the formation of scar tissue, adhesions and an inflammatory reaction.
Common symptoms include, pelvic pain, infertility, menstrual irregularities and dyspareunia. Further reports suggest chronic back pain as a common issue reported years before diagnosis . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Experts are unclear as the condition itself is a rare finding and lack of knowledge presents itself as a challenge.
Laparoscopic view, looking from superiorly to inferiorly in the peritoneal cavity which has been pumped up with carbon dioxide gas to visualize the uterus (marked by blue arrows). On the left fallopian tube there is an ectopic pregnancy and hematosalpinx (marked by red arrows). The right tube is normal. Specialty: Urology
However, it is difficult to inject contrast agent into the peritoneal cavity and there is a risk of contamination of the peritoneum. [1] Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is accurate and can detect enterocele, but it is not widely available. [1] Dynamic transperineal ultrasound has also been used to detect enterocele. [12]