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The lines always slope and start from top-left to bottom-right. For a structure receiving a very homogeneous dose (100% of the volume receiving exactly 10 Gy, for example) the cumulative DVH will appear as a horizontal line at the top of the graph, at 100% volume as plotted vertically, with a vertical drop at 10 Gy on the horizontal axis.
Patient derived xenografts (PDX) are models of cancer where the tissue or cells from a patient's tumor are implanted into an immunodeficient or humanized mouse. [1] It is a form of xenotransplantation .
Doctor reviewing a radiation treatment plan. In radiotherapy, radiation treatment planning (RTP) is the process in which a team consisting of radiation oncologists, radiation therapist, medical physicists and medical dosimetrists plan the appropriate external beam radiotherapy or internal brachytherapy treatment technique for a patient with cancer.
Xenotransplantation of human tumor cells into immunocompromised mice is a research technique frequently used in oncology research. [45] It is used to predict the sensitivity of the transplanted tumor to various cancer treatments; several companies offer this service, including the Jackson Laboratory. [46]
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a strategy used by tumors to ensure sufficient blood supply is brought to its cells through establishing new tumor vascularization. [1] [2] [3] This process is similar to tumor angiogenesis; on the other hand vascular mimicry is unique in that this process occurs independent of endothelial cells.
Almost all invasive germ cell tumours of the testis in adults; Fifty percent of patients with GCNIS developed invasive germ cell tumours within five years of initial diagnosis. Five percent of contralateral testes in men with a history of prior testicular germ cell tumour. Less than five percent of cryptorchid testes.
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Malignancy in giant-cell tumor is uncommon and occurs in about 2% of all cases. However, if malignant degeneration does occur, it is likely to metastasize to the lungs. Giant-cell tumors are normally benign, [1] with unpredictable behavior. [2] It is a heterogeneous tumor composed of three different cell populations.