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Casimir's analysis of idealized metal plates was generalized to arbitrary dielectric and realistic metal plates by Evgeny Lifshitz and his students. [ 5 ] [ 29 ] Using this approach, complications of the bounding surfaces, such as the modifications to the Casimir force due to finite conductivity, can be calculated numerically using the ...
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
The experiment became a popular way to illustrate the principles of air pressure, and many smaller copies of the hemispheres were made, and are used to this day in science classes. Reenactments of von Guericke's experiment of 1654 are performed in locations around the world by the Otto von Guericke Society.
Geologist Bernard Wood has made multiple important contributions to science using piston-cylinder experiments and has consequently become a prominent figure in experimental petrology. Along with Fred Wheeler, a workshop worker at the University of Bristol , he has designed a model of piston-cylinder that is known for its simplicity and blue ...
Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]:
This validated his belief that air/gas has mass, creating pressure on things around it. The discovery helped bring Torricelli to the following conclusion: We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air, which by unquestioned experiments is known to have weight. This test was essentially the first documented pressure gauge.
Pressure experiment are necessary because substances behave differently at different pressures. For example, water boils at a lower temperature at lower pressures. The equipment used for pressure experiments depends on whether the pressure is to be increased or decreased and by how much. A vacuum pump is used to remove the air out of a vacuum ...
Pressure measuring plates are useful for quantifying the pressure patterns under a foot over time but cannot quantify horizontal or shear components of the applied forces. [ 2 ] The measurements from a force platform can be either studied in isolation, or combined with other data, such as limb kinematics to understand the principles of locomotion.