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The similarities group S is itself a subgroup of the affine group, so every similarity is an affine transformation. One can view the Euclidean plane as the complex plane, [b] that is, as a 2-dimensional space over the reals. The 2D similarity transformations can then be expressed in terms of complex arithmetic and are given by
Euclidean space was introduced by ancient Greeks as an abstraction of our physical space. Their great innovation, appearing in Euclid's Elements was to build and prove all geometry by starting from a few very basic properties, which are abstracted from the physical world, and cannot be mathematically proved because of the lack of more basic tools.
In mathematics, Liouville's theorem, proved by Joseph Liouville in 1850, [1] is a rigidity theorem about conformal mappings in Euclidean space.It states that every smooth conformal mapping on a domain of R n, where n > 2, can be expressed as a composition of translations, similarities, orthogonal transformations and inversions: they are Möbius transformations (in n dimensions).
In geometry, the Möbius configuration or Möbius tetrads is a certain configuration in Euclidean space or projective space, consisting of two tetrahedra that are mutually inscribed: each vertex of one tetrahedron lies on a face plane of the other tetrahedron and vice versa. Thus, for the resulting system of eight points and eight planes, each ...
In Euclidean geometry homotheties are the similarities that fix a point and either preserve (if >) or reverse (if <) the direction of all vectors. Together with the translations, all homotheties of an affine (or Euclidean) space form a group, the group of dilations or homothety-translations.
For any surface embedded in Euclidean space of dimension 3 or higher, it is possible to measure the length of a curve on the surface, the angle between two curves and the area of a region on the surface. This structure is encoded infinitesimally in a Riemannian metric on the surface through line elements and area elements.
A spiral similarity taking triangle ABC to triangle A'B'C'. Spiral similarity is a plane transformation in mathematics composed of a rotation and a dilation. [1] It is used widely in Euclidean geometry to facilitate the proofs of many theorems and other results in geometry, especially in mathematical competitions and olympiads.
For instance, it is possible to replace Euclidean distance by the value of a quadratic form. [20] Beckman–Quarles theorems have been proven for non-Euclidean spaces such as Minkowski space, [21] inversive distance in the Möbius plane, [22] finite Desarguesian planes, [23] and spaces defined over fields with nonzero characteristic.