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The marine biological pump depends on a number of key pools, components and processes that influence its functioning. There are four main pools of carbon in the ocean. [4] Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the largest pool. It constitutes around 38,000 Pg C [18] and includes dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), bicarbonate (HCO − 3), carbonate ...
These three pumps are: (1) the solubility pump, (2) the carbonate pump, and (3) the biological pump. The total active pool of carbon at the Earth's surface for durations of less than 10,000 years is roughly 40,000 gigatons C (Gt C, a gigaton is one billion tons, or the weight of approximately 6 million blue whales ), and about 95% (~38,000 Gt C ...
The formation of biogenic calcium carbonate by marine calcifiers is one way to add ballast to sinking particles and enhance transport of carbon to the deep ocean and seafloor. [46] The calcium carbonate counter pump refers to the biological process of precipitation of carbonate and the sinking of particulate inorganic carbon. [47]
The air-sea CO 2 flux induced by a marine biological community can be determined by the rain ratio - the proportion of carbon from calcium carbonate compared to that from organic carbon in particulate matter sinking to the ocean floor, (PIC/POC). [19] The carbonate pump acts as a negative feedback on CO 2 taken into the ocean by the solubility ...
In the deep ocean, marine snow (also known as "ocean dandruff") is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.It is a significant means of exporting energy from the light-rich photic zone to the aphotic zone below, which is referred to as the biological pump.
However, the magnitude of these processes is still uncertain, preventing good long-term estimates of the fate of the solubility pump. While ocean absorption of anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere acts to decrease climate change, it causes ocean acidification which is believed will have negative consequences for marine ecosystems. [7]
The biological pump is the conversion of CO 2 and inorganic nutrients by plant photosynthesis into particulate organic matter in the euphotic zone and transference to the deeper ocean. [40] This is a major process in the ocean and without vertical migration it wouldn't be nearly as efficient.
Ocean chlorophyll concentration as a proxy for marine primary production. Green indicates where there are a lot of phytoplankton, while blue indicates where there are few phytoplankton. – NASA Earth Observatory 2019. [1] Marine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon ...
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