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Acacia gum, pieces and powder Acacia senegal, pictured in the medicinal handbook Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887) by Franz Eugen Köhler. Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names [a]) (Arabic: صمغ عربي) is a tree gum exuded by two species of Acacia sensu lato, Senegalia senegal [2] and Vachellia seyal.
The gum is drained from cuts in the bark, and an individual tree will yield 200 to 300 grams (7 to 10 oz). Eighty percent of the world's gum arabic is produced in Sudan. [6] The Chauhatan area of Barmer district in Rajasthan is also famous for gum production, this is called कुम्मट [7] (Kummat) in local language there.
Vachellia nilotica, more commonly known as Acacia nilotica, and by the vernacular names of gum arabic tree, [5] babul, [6] thorn mimosa, Egyptian acacia or thorny acacia, [7] is a flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.
The global gum Arabic market is projected to decline in growth globally owing to abiotic factors such as a climatic change in nations where gum Arabic is produced. Also, political instability is a significant force fostering the retardation of the market.
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware.Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, [3] East Africa and northern New Zealand ().
Asafoetida (/ æ s ə ˈ f ɛ t ɪ d ə /; also spelled asafetida) [1] is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of Ferula, perennial herbs of the carrot family. It is produced in Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, northern India and Northwest China . Different regions have different botanical sources.
True gum arabic is the product of Acacia senegal, abundant in dry tropical West Africa from Senegal to northern Nigeria. Acacia nilotica (syn. Acacia arabica) is the gum arabic tree of India, but yields a gum inferior to the true gum arabic. Gum arabic is used in a wide variety of food products, including some soft drinks [22] and confections.
Vachellia tortilis, widely known as Acacia tortilis but now attributed to the genus Vachellia of the Mimosa Family (), [4] is the umbrella thorn acacia, also known as umbrella thorn and Israeli babool, [5] a medium to large canopied tree native to most of Africa, primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa (especially the Somali peninsula and Sudan), but also occurring in the Middle East.