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Trabecular edema, also known as bone marrow edema (BME), is a traditional term describing the interstitial fluid accumulation at the trabecular bone marrow. The term was first used in 1988, [ 1 ] referring to the changes in the bone marrow due to inflammation . [ 3 ]
Sagittal magnetic resonance images of ankle region: psoriatic arthritis. (a) Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) image, showing high signal intensity at the Achilles tendon insertion (enthesitis, thick arrow) and in the synovium of the ankle joint (synovitis, long thin arrow). Bone marrow oedema is seen at the tendon insertion (short thin arrow ...
All these entities may present with a pattern of bone marrow edema characterized by decreased signal intensity on T1 weighted images and increased signal intensity on fluid sensitive sequences, such as fat saturated T2-weighted or STIR images. When there is no evidence of a focal lesion associated with the edema pattern, TOH is suspected.
Red bone marrow, which produces blood cells, is located in the hollows between the trabeculae. Modic changes Type 1 reflects oedema adjacent to the disc, fissured endplates, microfractures of the trabeculae, granular tissue, high levels of immunoreactive nerve fibers, and TNF alpha cells (pro-inflammatory) [ 40 ] [ 41 ]
The condition is commonly associated with vascular and cardiac changes associated with aging but can be caused by many other conditions, including congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, trauma, alcoholism, altitude sickness, pregnancy, hypertension, sickle cell anemia, a compromised lymphatic system or merely long periods of time sitting or standing ...
Symptoms include one or more of the following: pain in the pubic area, hips, lower back, and thighs. This can take months (or even years) to go away. X-rays taken during the early stages of osteitis pubis can be misleading - pain may be felt, but the damage doesn't appear on the films unless stork views (i.e. standing on one leg) are obtained.
Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. [1] The feet, spine, and hips are the most commonly involved bones in adults. [2] The cause is usually a bacterial infection, [1] [7] [2] but rarely can be a fungal infection. [8] It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue. [4]
In non-tumourous lesions, there is a symmetrical hyperintense T2 signal with hypointense or hyperintense T1 signal extending from grey matter into the white matter. In the basal ganglia, MRI shows a hyperintense T1 signal in the globus pallidus. [36] Assessment of endocrine function and bone marrow biopsy are also performed when indicated. [37]