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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through ...
Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in a case of vaping-associated pulmonary injury.Left: Papanicolaou stain; right: Oil Red O stain. [1]Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages, also known as pulmonary foam cells, [2] are cells found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens that consist of macrophages containing deposits of lipids (fats). [3]
Pulmonary function testing is a diagnostic and management tool used for a variety of reasons, such as: Diagnose lung disease. Monitor the effect of chronic diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, or cystic fibrosis.
Whole lung lavage (WLL), also called lung washing, is a medical procedure in which the patient's lungs are washed with saline (salt water) by filling and draining repeatedly. It is used to treat pulmonary alveolar proteinosis , in which excess lung surfactant proteins prevent the patient from breathing.
Obtaining targeted deep respiratory samples by bronchoalveolar lavage or protected specimen brush for the diagnosis or exclusion of pneumonia; Evaluation of alveolar cytopathology to identify inflammatory conditions or Alveolar haemorrhage; Direct inspection of the tracheal muscoa for pulmonary aspergillosis or similar invasive mould infections
In patients incapable of producing a sputum sample, common alternative sample sources for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis include gastric washings, laryngeal swab, bronchoscopy (with bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial washings, and/or transbronchial biopsy), and fine needle aspiration (transtracheal or transbronchial
The risk of PCP increases when CD4-positive T-cell levels are less than 400 cells/μL. In these immunosuppressed individuals, the manifestations of the infection are highly variable. [ 10 ] The disease attacks the interstitial, fibrous tissue of the lungs, with marked thickening of the alveolar septa and alveoli , leading to significant hypoxia ...
Diffusing capacity of the lung (D L) (also known as transfer factor) measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung, to the red blood cells in lung blood vessels. It is part of a comprehensive series of pulmonary function tests to determine the overall ability of the lung to transport gas into and out of the blood.