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Monocytes are amoeboid in appearance, and have nongranulated cytoplasm. [1] Thus they are classified as agranulocytes, although they might occasionally display some azurophil granules and/or vacuoles. With a diameter of 15–22 μm, monocytes are the largest cell type in peripheral blood.
Image Name Subtype Class Alternate names Diameter ()Main targets References Neutrophil: Granulocyte: Neutrophil: Neutrocytes; Heterophils; Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Monocytes, the largest type of white blood cell, share the "vacuum cleaner" (phagocytosis) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an extra role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. This causes an antibody response to be mounted.
Bacteria have developed several ways of killing phagocytes. [114] These include cytolysins , which form pores in the phagocyte's cell membranes, streptolysins and leukocidins , which cause neutrophils' granules to rupture and release toxic substances, [ 122 ] [ 123 ] and exotoxins that reduce the supply of a phagocyte's ATP , needed for ...
Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, osteoclasts and eosinophils can be classified as professional phagocytes. [10] The first three have the greatest role in immune response to most infections. [11] The role of neutrophils is patrolling the bloodstream and rapid migration to the tissues in large numbers only in case of ...
The two types of agranulocytes in the blood circulation are lymphocytes and monocytes. These make up about 35% of the hematologic blood values. [2] The distinction between granulocytes and agranulocytes is not useful for several reasons. First, monocytes contain granules, which tend to be fine and weakly stained (see monocyte entry). Second ...
Once the bacterium enters the host's monocytes, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it becomes bloodborne (sepsis) and can grow. Its presence intracellularly in phagocytic cells also permits access to the brain and probably transplacental migration to the fetus in pregnant women. This process is known as the "Trojan Horse mechanism".
Once they are in the wound site, monocytes mature into macrophages. The spleen contains half the body's monocytes in reserve ready to be deployed to injured tissue. [67] [68] The macrophage's main role is to phagocytize bacteria and damaged tissue, [64] and they also debride damaged tissue by releasing proteases. [69]