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Rashidun soldier wears an iron-bronze helmet, a hauberk and lamellar leather armour. His sword is hung from a baldric, and he carries a leather shield. The Rashidun army was divided into infantry and light cavalry. Reconstructing the military equipment of early Muslim armies is problematic.
The Rashidun (Arabic: الراشدون, romanized: al-Rāshidūn, lit. 'the rightly-guided ') are the first four caliphs ( lit. ' successors ' ) who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad : Abu Bakr ( r.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
During the Rashidun Caliphate, the Arab elite still lived a partially nomadic lifestyle in the Arabian Peninsula, with base in Mecca and Medina. The Rashidun Caliphs were known to buy, sell and distribute slaves. On one occasion, Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (636–644) sold a substantial number of slaves to two elite Qurashis. [18]
The second Rashidun invasion began in 636, under Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, when a key victory at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah permanently ended all Sasanian control to the west of modern-day Iran. For the next six years, the Zagros Mountains , a natural barrier, marked the political boundary between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire.
The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah [b] (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة ٱلْقَادِسِيَّة, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Qādisīyah; Persian: نبرد قادسیه, romanized: Nabard-e Qâdisiyeh) was an armed conflict which took place in 636 CE between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire.
The Rashidun caliphs — the reign of the first five caliphs in the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate (632–661 CE), following the death of Muhammad
In particular, if a leader fails to maintain a legitimate government in accordance with the Islamic law, it is the duty of the population to remove him from power. The Rashidun Caliphs are seen as rulers who were elected in a legitimate fashion and, in particular, Abu Bakr and Umar are viewed as righteous leaders. However, Uthman is viewed as ...