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The first Kriegsmarine boat to be fitted with a snorkel was U-58, which experimented with the equipment in the Baltic Sea during the summer of 1943. Operational use began in early 1944, and by June 1944 about half of the boats stationed in the French bases had snorkels fitted.
The French submarine fleet of World War II was one of the largest in the world at that time. It saw action during the war but had a chequered service history due to France 's position at that time. During the conflict, 59 submarines , more than three-quarters of the fleet, were lost.
Her silhouette departed from her pre-war design because of the installation of a snorkel and her completion with a sail instead of a conning tower. Créole took part in the Suez Crisis in 1956, and sustained damage in a friendly fire incident when airplanes from the French aircraft carrier Arromanches attacked her by mistake.
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS; known in English as the World Underwater Federation) is an international federation that represents underwater activities in underwater sport and underwater sciences, and oversees an international system of recreational snorkel and scuba diver training and recognition.
Air-independent propulsion (AIP), or air-independent power, is any marine propulsion technology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel). AIP can augment or replace the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels.
The timeline of underwater diving technology is a chronological list of notable events in the history of the development of underwater diving equipment.With the partial exception of breath-hold diving, the development of underwater diving capacity, scope, and popularity, has been closely linked to available technology, and the physiological constraints of the underwater environment.
The French Frigate Shoals (Hawaiian: Kānemilohaʻi) is the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Its name commemorates French explorer Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse , who nearly lost two frigates when attempting to navigate the shoals .
Five of the submarines, Andromède, Astrée, Africaine, Artémis and Créole, were completed after the war, were commissioned in the French Navy and served into the 1960s. Andromède, Artémis and Créole were fitted with GUPPY sails and submarine snorkels.