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Activity anorexia; a condition where animals exercise excessively while simultaneously reducing their food intake. [ 5 ] Adjunctive behaviour ; an activity reliably accompanying another response that has been produced by a stimulus, especially when the stimulus is presented according to a temporally defined schedule. [ 6 ]
Ethograms are used extensively in the study of welfare science. Ethograms can be used to detect the occurrence or prevalence of abnormal behaviours (e.g. stereotypies, [5] [6] feather pecking, [7] tail-biting [8]), normal behaviours (e.g. comfort behaviours), departures from the ethogram of ancestral species [9] and the behaviour of captive animals upon release into a natural environment.
Such antipredator behavior inevitably results in aggregations. The theory was proposed by W. D. Hamilton in 1971 to explain the gregarious behavior of a variety of animals. [ 1 ] It contrasted the popular hypothesis that evolution of such social behavior was based on mutual benefits to the population .
Agonistic behaviour is a result of evolution, [5] and this can be studied in a number of species facing different environmental pressures. Though agonistic behaviours can be directly observed and studied in a laboratory setting, it is also important to understand these behaviours in a natural setting to fully comprehend how they have evolved and therefore differ under different selective ...
Some anti-choking devices can also be used to solve choking. This procedure has modifications for infants (babies under 1 year-old) , for the people with problems in the belly as the pregnant or too much obese people , for the disabled victims in wheelchair , for the victims that lay on the bed but are unable to sit down , and for the victims ...
Vacuum activities (or vacuum behaviours) are innate fixed action patterns (FAPs) of animal behaviour that are performed in the absence of a sign stimulus (releaser [broken anchor]) that normally elicit them. [1] This type of abnormal behaviour shows that a key stimulus is not always needed to produce an activity. [2]
Because the avoidance response is adaptive, humans have learned to use it in training animals such as dogs and horses. B.F. Skinner (1938) [8] believed that animals learn primarily through rewards and punishments, the basis of operant conditioning. The avoidance response comes into play here when punishment is administered.
There are many adaptive and functional purposes for comfort behaviours among a diverse group of animals. One function of comfort behaviours is hygiene, particularly in the form of ectoparasite removal. The animal removes the ectoparasites through the scratching or brushing of their own bodies, [4] or the grooming of others. [5]