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Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. [1] The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implant.
Cataracts are the main cause of blindness in Africa, and affect approximately half of the estimated seven million blind people on the continent, a number that is expected to increase with population growth by about 600,000 people per year. As of 2005, the estimated cataract-surgery rate was about 500 operations per million people per year.
Bilateral cataracts in an infant due to congenital rubella syndrome. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of cataract, though considerable overlap occurs. People with nuclear sclerotic or brunescent cataracts often notice a reduction of vision. Nuclear cataracts typically cause greater impairment of distance vision than of near vision.
The removal of cataracts by surgery was introduced into China from India, and flourished in the Sui (581–618 CE) and Tang (618–907 CE) dynasties. [ 17 ] The first references to cataract and its treatment in Europe are found in 29 CE in De Medicina , a medical treatise by Latin encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus , which describes a ...
A phakic IOL. An intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye usually as part of a treatment for cataracts or for correcting other vision problems such as near-sightedness (myopia) and far-sightedness (hyperopia); a form of refractive surgery.
Childhood cataracts are the primary cause of childhood blindness. [4] Childhood cataracts make up 7.4% to 15.3% of blindness in kids. [4] The prevalence of childhood cataracts ranges from 0.63/10,000 to 9.74/10,000 children, with a median of 1.71. [6] This is dependent on factors like economic status but not gender or laterality. [6]
According to historian John Duffy, the concept of community health centers in the United States can be traced to infant milk stations in New York City in 1901. In November, 1914, the city established the first district health center in New York at 206 Madison Avenue, serving 35,000 residents of Manhattan's lower east side.
Myopia, also known as near-sightedness and short-sightedness, [5] is an eye disease [6] [7] [8] where light from distant objects focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 7 ] As a result, distant objects appear blurry while close objects appear normal. [ 1 ]
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