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Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, often due to bacteria or fungi. Its sudden (acute) occurrence is usually due to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus . Gradual (chronic) occurrences are typically caused by fungi, commonly Candida albicans .
Anatomy of the basic parts of a human nail.A. Nail plate; B. lunula; C. root; D. sinus; E. matrix; F. nail bed; G. eponychium; H. free margin. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
As of 2020, there have not been controlled, blinded studies on the treatment of green nail syndrome [16] and there are no treatment guidelines as of 2021. [8] Keeping the nails dry and avoiding excessive immersion of the nails are key. [11] In some cases, surgical removal of the infected nail may be required, [16] as a last choice. [8]
An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis (from Greek: ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail' and κρυπτός (kryptos) 'hidden') is a common form of nail disease.It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed.
For home treatment, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends clipping the loose piece of skin with a clean nail clipper or nail scissors, and applying over-the-counter antibiotic ointment if the area appears inflamed. Persistent hangnails should be evaluated by a physician. [5]
Onychomadesis is defined by the nail plate's detachment from the matrix, its continuous connection to the nail bed, and, frequently but not always, shedding. [4] Beau lines are transverse ridges on the nail plates. [5]
The terms whitlow and felon are also sometimes misapplied to paronychia, which is an infection of the tissue at the side or base of the nail. Felon presents with a throbbing pain, clinically. Felon presents with a throbbing pain, clinically.
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. [5] It is also caused by trauma.