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Often, amphiphilic species have several lipophilic parts, several hydrophilic parts, or several of both. Proteins and some block copolymers are such examples. [citation needed] Amphiphilic compounds have lipophilic (typically hydrocarbon) structures and hydrophilic polar functional groups (either ionic or uncharged). [citation needed]
Amphipols (a portmanteau of amphiphilic polymers) are a class of amphiphilic polymers designed to keep membrane proteins soluble in water without the need for detergents, which are traditionally used to this end but tend to be denaturing. [1]
Peptide amphiphiles were developed in the 1990s. They were first described by the group of Matthew Tirrell in 1995. [5] [6] These first reported PA molecules were composed of two domains: one of lipophilic character and another of hydrophilic properties, which allowed self-assembly into sphere-like supramolecular structures as a result of the association of the lipophilic domains away from the ...
Micelle (polymers) Organized auto-assembly formed in a liquid and composed of amphiphilic macromolecules, in general amphiphilic di- or tri-block copolymers made of solvophilic and solvophobic blocks. Note 1: An amphiphilic behavior can be observed for water and an organic solvent or between two organic solvents. Note 2
Examples of lyotropic liquid crystals can also be generated using 2D nanosheets. The most striking example of a true nematic phase has been demonstrated for many smectite clays . The issue of the existence of such a lyotropic phase was raised by Langmuir in 1938, [ 12 ] but remained an open question for a very long time and was only confirmed ...
Polymeric micelles are drug carriers formed by the aggregation of some amphiphile\amphiphilic molecule with an amphiphilic block copolymer.These carriers form at some high concentration specific to the compounds used, called the critical micelle concentration.
Because of their amphiphilic structures, the polymers have surfactant properties that make them useful in industrial applications. Among other things, they can be used to increase the water solubility of hydrophobic, oily substances or otherwise increase the miscibility of two substances with different hydrophobicities.
Polymersomes are made using amphiphilic synthetic block copolymers to form the vesicle membrane, and have radii ranging from 50 nm to 5 μm or more. [2] Most reported polymersomes contain an aqueous solution in their core and are useful for encapsulating and protecting sensitive molecules, such as drugs, enzymes, other proteins and peptides ...