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By November 1944, the German forces had been forced out of the pre-World War II Soviet territory. [ 231 ] According to the American historian Jeffrey Burds, out of the three million armed collaborators with Nazi Germany in Europe, as many as 2.5 million originated from the Soviet Union, and by 1945, every eighth German soldier had previously ...
During World War II propaganda was replaced by the term "psychological warfare" or "psy-war." Psychological warfare was developed as a non-violent weapon that was used to influence the enemy soldiers and the civilians psychological states. Psychological Warfare's purpose is to demoralize the soldiers, or to get the soldier to surrender to a ...
“The New Order” (German: Neuordnung) of Europe collectively refers to various political and social concepts Nazi Germany sought to impose on German-occupied Europe and beyond. Planning for the Neuordnung commenced prior to World War II, but Adolf Hitler first proclaimed a "European New Order" 30 January 1941. [1] [non-primary source needed]
Gaullism in World War II was strongly nationalist, and components of Free France often came from the right-wing and far-right. De Gaulle himself was a Catholic, nationalist and conservative. [2] In addition, nationalists and monarchists were among the first resistance fighters in France. [2] [3]
About 1.2 million Austrians served in all branches of the German armed forces during World War II. After the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria in four occupation zones set up at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral.
Before the occupation, Breton nationalists were divided between adherents of regionalism, federalism, and political independence.Essentially these factions, though divided, remained openly hostile to the Third French Republic's policies of centralized government, anti-Catholicism, the coercive Francization policy in the State educational system, and the continued ban against Breton-medium ...
Joining World War II was presented as a war on decadent plutocracies. [105] The powers were also claimed to have prevented Italian imperialism. [67] Mussolini began to decry the oppression that Italy suffered as early as the peace negotiations of World War I and the first days of Fascism as a movement. [106]
The rise of nationalism in Europe was stimulated by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. [1] [2] American political science professor Leon Baradat has argued that “nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those ...