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This effect is called the stroboscopic effect, and the rate at which the string seems to vibrate is the difference between the frequency of the string and the refresh rate of the screen. The same can happen with a fluorescent lamp, at a rate that is the difference between the frequency of the string and the frequency of the alternating current ...
If the tension on a string is ten lbs., it must be increased to 40 lbs. for a pitch an octave higher. [1] A string, tied at A , is kept in tension by W , a suspended weight, and two bridges, B and the movable bridge C , while D is a freely moving wheel; all allowing one to demonstrate Mersenne's laws regarding tension and length [ 1 ]
A model of Melde's experiment: an electric vibrator connected to a cable drives a pulley that suspends a mass that causes tension in the cable. Melde's experiment is a scientific experiment carried out in 1859 by the German physicist Franz Melde on the standing waves produced in a tense cable originally set oscillating by a tuning fork , later ...
Two-frequency beats of a non-dispersive transverse wave. Since the wave is non-dispersive, phase and group velocities are equal. For an ideal string, the dispersion relation can be written as =, where T is the tension force in the string, and μ is the string's mass per unit length. As for the case of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, ideal ...
For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, "normal" force, friction, and string tension. [note 4] Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating.
In the context of electromagnetics and optics, the frequency is some function ω(k) of the wave number, so in general, the phase velocity and the group velocity depend on specific medium and frequency. The ratio between the speed of light c and the phase velocity v p is known as the refractive index, n = c / v p = ck / ω.
The T-V diagram of the rubber band experiment. The decrease in the temperature of the rubber band in a spontaneous process at ambient temperature can be explained using the Helmholtz free energy = where dF is the change in free energy, dL is the change in length, τ is the tension, dT is the change in temperature and S is the entropy.
where ν is the frequency of the wave, λ is the wavelength, ω = 2πν is the angular frequency of the wave, and v p is the phase velocity of the wave. The dependence of the wavenumber on the frequency (or more commonly the frequency on the wavenumber) is known as a dispersion relation.