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  2. Hobbes's moral and political philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbes's_moral_and...

    Hobbes’s moral philosophy therefore provides justification for, and informs, the theories of sovereignty and the state of nature that underpin his political philosophy. [2] In utilising methods of deductive reasoning and motion science, Hobbes examines human emotion, reason and knowledge to construct his ideas of human nature (moral ...

  3. Bellum omnium contra omnes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes

    Bellum omnium contra omnes, a Latin phrase meaning "the war of all against all", is the description that Thomas Hobbes gives to human existence in the state-of-nature thought experiment that he conducts in De Cive (1642) and Leviathan (1651).

  4. Thomas Hobbes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes

    Micanzio and Sarpi had argued that God willed human nature, and that human nature indicated the autonomy of the state in temporal affairs. When he returned to England in 1615, William Cavendish maintained correspondence with Micanzio and Sarpi, and Hobbes translated the latter's letters from Italian, which were circulated among the Duke's circle.

  5. Social contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract

    The starting point for most social contract theories is an examination of the human condition absent any political order (termed the "state of nature" by Thomas Hobbes). [4] In this condition, individuals' actions are bound only by their personal power and conscience, assuming that 'nature' precludes mutually beneficial social relationships ...

  6. State of nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_nature

    Locke describes the state of nature and civil society to be opposites of each other, and the need for civil society comes in part from the perpetual existence of the state of nature. [7] This view of the state of nature is partly deduced from Christian belief (unlike Hobbes, whose philosophy is not dependent upon any prior theology).

  7. Philosophy of human rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_human_rights

    In the 17th century Thomas Hobbes founded a contractualist theory of legal positivism beginning from the principle that man in the state of nature, which is to say without a "commonwealth" (a state) is in a state of constant war one with the other and thus in fear of his life and possessions (there being no property nor right without a ...

  8. Political philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy

    Beginning from a mechanistic understanding of human beings and their passions, Hobbes postulates what life would be like without government, a condition which he calls the state of nature. In that state, each person would have a right, or license, to everything in the world. This, Hobbes argues, would lead to a "war of all against all".

  9. Classical realism (international relations) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_realism...

    [3] [4] Classical realist theory adopts a pessimistic view of human nature and argues that humans are not inherently benevolent but instead they are self-interested and act out of fear or aggression. [5] Furthermore, it emphasizes that this human nature is reflected by states in international politics due to international anarchy. [citation needed]