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Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium (the tooth supporting structures, i.e. the gums). The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone , periodontal ligament , cementum and gingiva .
In the design of flaps, it needs to be ensured that there is adequate access and visibility. The design should also prevent bone exposure as it can lead to formation of dehiscence or fenestration. [1] For prevention of excessive bleeding, hematoma formation, displacement, bone exposure, or infection, adequate flap stabilization should be ...
Periodontal disease; Other names: Gum disease, pyorrhea, periodontitis: Radiograph showing bone loss between the two roots of a tooth (black region). The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
Gingivectomy is the primary treatment method available in reducing the pocket depths of patients with periodontitis and suprabony pockets. [4] [5] In a retrospective comparison between different treatment approach to periodontitis management based on the initial and final gingival health, conventional gingivectomy was proven to be more successful in reducing pocket depths and inflammation ...
The GBR principle was first examined by Dahlin et al. in 1988 on rats. The selective ingrowth of bone-forming cells into a bone defect region could be improved if the adjacent tissue is kept away with a membrane; this was confirmed in a study by Kostopoulos and Karring in 1994. GBR can be used for bone regeneration on exposed implant coils . [4]
The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic forms. This X-ray film displays a horizontal defect . This X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, #21 and #22: the lower left first premolar and canine, exhibiting severe bone loss of 30-50%.
The attached gums are continuous with the marginal gum. It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone. The facial aspect of the attached gum extends to the relatively loose and movable alveolar mucosa, from which it is demarcated by the mucogingival junction. Attached gum may present with surface ...
1) Enamel 2) Dentin 3) Junctional epithelium 4) Connective tissue 5) Alveolar bone 6) Gingival margin 7) Sulcular epithelium 8) Gingival epithelium 9) Cementum The dentogingival tissues consist of many constituents, such as the enamel or cementum of the tooth and the connective tissue supporting epithelia like the junctional epithelium, the gingival epithelium and the sulcular epithelium.