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Three cleavage-based voting factors, or individual differences impacting voting behavior, focused on in existing research are religion, class, and gender. [12] In recent years, voting cleavage has shifted from concerns of Protestant vs Catholic religions to have a larger focus on religious vs non-religious leanings. [12]
Short-term factors also affect voting behavior; the media and the impact of individual election issues are among these factors. These factors differ from the long-term factors as they are often short-lived. However, they can be just as crucial in modifying political orientation.
A calculus of voting represents a hypothesized decision-making process. These models are used in political science in an attempt to capture the relative importance of various factors influencing an elector to vote (or not vote) in a particular way.
The initial research saw three major factors to voting behaviour: Personal identification with one of the political parties, concern with issues of national government policy, and personal attraction to the presidential candidates. Later, their analysis saw that party identification and attachment were the most common factors. [1]
The effect of these influences on voting behavior is best understood through theories on the formation of attitudes, beliefs, schema, knowledge structures and the practice of information processing. The degree to which voting decision is affected by internal processing systems of political information and external influences, alters the quality ...
The psychological factors that influence voter behavior are a voter's perceptions of politics, that is, how the voter sees the parties, the candidates, and the issues in an election. [21] The farther down the ballot an office is, the fewer the number of votes that will be cast for it. This is called ballot fatigue.
History tells us that matters like marriage equality, voting rights, abortion access and campaign finance are often adjudicated through the court system. Currently, the Supreme Court is made up of eight justices, the ninth seat vacant since Justice Antonin Scalia’s death in February.
Networks in electoral behavior, as a part of political science, refers to the relevance of networks in forming citizens’ voting behavior at parliamentary, presidential or local elections. There are several theories emphasizing different factors which may shape citizens' voting behavior.