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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination ...
Depending on the location of the obstruction, one or both sides of the urinary tract will be involved. In approximately 50% of cases of congenital hydronephrosis, there is no known cause. [1] In many cases, obstruction along the urinary tract in utero leads to some form of CAKUT mentioned above.
Ultrasound of the urinary tract is performed by a probe placed on the abdominal wall, called a transducer. [1] This occurs while a person is lying down. [1] It is then moved around to better visualise different parts of the urinary tract. [1] Gel is used on the abdominal wall, allowing smooth movement and improve sound conduction. [1]
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence. [1]
The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. [3] [4] The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico-appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins.
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition where there is a frequent feeling of needing to urinate to a degree that it negatively affects a person's life. [2] The frequent need to urinate may occur during the day, at night, or both. [4]
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. [1] These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. [2]