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Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum), [2] [3] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction.
The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. [3] Most individuals have five lumbar vertebrae, while some have four or six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these latter individuals.
The fifth lumbar spinal nerve 5 (L5) [5] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 5 (L5). L5 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L5. They are not innervated with L5 as single origin, but partly by L5 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: gluteus maximus muscle mainly S1
The Napoleon hat sign (most commonly called "inverted Napoleon hat") is a radiologic sign observed on frontal radiographs of the spine at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the sacrum (S1) that indicates the presence of severe spondylolisthesis and/or severe lumbar lordosis. When the L5 vertebra becomes severly displaced and ...
MRI of a lumbar spinal stenosis L4-L5. L4-L5 antherolisthesis of grade I. Hypertrophy of interspinous ligaments in relation to Baastrup's disease. 67 years old man. MRI is the preferred method of diagnosing and evaluating spinal stenosis of all areas of the spine, including cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.
These cannot be determined by plain films, as the x-ray passes through the soft tissue. A study by Giles et al., stated that sixteen of the thirty patients (53%) had retrolisthesis of L5 on S1 ranging from 2–9 mm; these patients had either intervertebral disc bulging or protrusion on CT examination ranging from 3–7 mm into the spinal canal.
The lumbosacral trunk is formed by the union of the entire anterior ramus of lumbar nerve L5 and a part of L4 [clarification needed]. [1] [2] [3] L4 first issues its branches to the lumbar plexus, then emerges from the medial border of the psoas muscle [3] to unite with the anterior ramus of L5 just superior to the pelvic brim to form the thick, cord-like trunk which [4] crosses the pelvic ...
Specifically, local muscles that attach directly to the spine are affected. The lumbar multifidus and transversus abdominis play a direct role in stabilizing the lumbar spine. Instead the local muscles in individuals with spondylolysis are vulnerable to dysfunction, which results in abnormal spinal stability causing chronic low back pain. To ...