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Breathing over an extended period of time near maximum capacity can cause metabolic acidosis or hypoxemia, ultimately leading to respiratory muscle weakness. [12] Cardiac arrest (independent of the underlying reason) will lead to respiratory arrest within minutes. [13]
The underlying causes of sudden cardiac arrest can result from cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies. The most common underlying causes are different, depending on the patient's age. Common cardiac causes include coronary artery disease, non-atherosclerotic coronary artery abnormalities, structural heart damage, and inherited arrhythmias. Common ...
Pulmonary edema can cause permanent organ damage, and when sudden (acute), can lead to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest due to hypoxia. [7] The term edema is from the Greek οἴδημα ( oidēma , "swelling"), from οἰδέω ( oidéō , "(I) swell").
Cardiac arrest results from electrical disturbances that cause the heart to suddenly stop beating the way it should. In cardiac arrest, death can result quickly if steps aren’t taken right away.
The most common causes of dyspnea are cardiac (cardiac asthma) [10] and pulmonary conditions, like congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, COPD, or pneumonia. [9] Less commonly, some cases of dyspnea can be attributed to neuromuscular diseases of the chest wall or anxiety.
Since pneumonia can take a dangerous turn, it's important to know the earliest signs of it. Dr. Zweig says that, typically, pneumonia starts as a regular viral upper respiratory infection.
The symptoms of pneumonia are fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain. [2] Inspiratory crackles may be heard on exam. [2] A chest x-ray can be useful to differentiate pneumonia from congestive heart failure. [2] As the cause is usually a bacterial infection, antibiotics are typically used for treatment. [2]
His heart has begun to recover from full cardiac arrest, his lungs have become stronger, the ventilator is only at 25%, and dialysis has been reduced to an intermittent need.”