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Wiese, W. et al.: Methanol steam reforming in a fuel cell drive system, J. Power Sources 84 (1999) 187-193; Peters, R. et al.: Investigation of a methanol concept considering the particular impact of dynamics and long-term stability for use in a fuel-cell-powered passenger car, J. Power Sources 86 (1999) 507-514
The fuel cartridge stores the methanol fuel. Depending on the system design either 100% methanol (IMPCA industrial standard) or a mixture of methanol with up to 40 vol% water is usually used as fuel for the RMFC system. 100% methanol results in lower fuel consumption than water-methanol mixture (Premix) but goes along with higher fuel cell system complexity for condensing of cathode moisture.
The Gumpert Nathalie [1] or RG Nathalie is a hydrogen-electric hybrid sports car running on methanol to generate hydrogen that is scheduled to enter production in 2021 [needs update]. It is the first car produced by the new car manufacturer RG founded by Roland Gumpert, [2] following the bankruptcy of his company Gumpert which produced the ...
Methanol is a fuel for heat engines and fuel cells. Due to its high octane rating it can be used directly as a fuel in flex-fuel cars (including hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles) using existing internal combustion engines (ICE). Methanol can also be burned in some other kinds of engine or to provide heat as other liquid fuels are used.
2001 - Mazda Premacy FCEV (uses Reformed methanol fuel cell) [42] Mitsubishi: 2004 - Mitsubishi FCV; Morgan LIFEcar. Morgan: 2005 - Morgan LIFEcar; Nissan: 2012 - Nissan TeRRA [43] Peugeot: 2004 - Peugeot Quark; 2006 - Peugeot 207 Epure; Riversimple: 2009 - Riversimple Urban Car; 2016 - Riversimple Rasa [44] Ronn Motor Company: 2008 - Ronn ...
In contrast to indirect methanol fuel cells, where methanol is reacted to hydrogen by steam reforming, DMFCs use a methanol solution (usually around 1M, i.e. about 3% in mass) to carry the reactant into the cell; common operating temperatures are in the range 50 to 120 °C (122 to 248 °F), where high temperatures are usually pressurized.
Syngas is produced by steam reforming or partial oxidation of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons, or coal gasification. [6] C + H 2 O → CO + H 2 [1] CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 [1] C + CO 2 → 2CO [1] Steam reforming of methane is an endothermic reaction requiring 206 kJ/mol of methane: CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2
If this is the case fuel cell cars may be cleaner and more efficient than fossil fuel cars. However, they are not as efficient as battery electric vehicles which consume much less energy. [ 128 ] Usually a fuel cell car consumes 2.4 times more energy than a battery electric car, because electrolysis and storage of hydrogen is much less ...
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