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An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen-encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a cancer ...
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, [2] [33] is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the German biotechnology company BioNTech. For its development, BioNTech collaborated with the American company Pfizer to carry out clinical trials , logistics, and manufacturing.
It is a viral vector vaccine based on a human adenovirus that has been modified to contain the gene for making the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID‑19. [5] The body's immune system responds to this spike protein to produce antibodies. [29] The vaccine requires only one dose and does not need to be stored frozen. [30] [31]
It’s just an RNA virus because RNA, like DNA, can store information — it took only weeks for scientists to identify what must be the protein on the outside of the virus — that would be the ...
Viral vector vaccines enable antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike subunit vaccines which only confer humoral immunity. [7] [17] In order to transfer a nucleic acid coding for a specific protein to a cell, the vaccines employ a variant of a virus as its vector. This process helps to create ...
How COVID‑19 vaccines work. The video shows the process of vaccination, from injection with RNA or viral vector vaccines, to uptake and translation, and on to immune system stimulation and effect. Part of a series on the COVID-19 pandemic Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. COVID-19 (disease) SARS-CoV-2 (virus) Cases Deaths ...
A genetic vaccine (also gene-based vaccine) is a vaccine that contains nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA that lead to protein biosynthesis of antigens within a cell. Genetic vaccines thus include DNA vaccines , RNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines .
There are three different COVID vaccines to choose from this season: two mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, and a protein-based vaccine from Novavax. These vaccines replace the previous COVID ...