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Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, [1] seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. [2] It is absent in bullous pemphigoid , making it useful for differential diagnosis .
Histopathological image of dyshidrotic dermatitis, showing focal spongiotic change in the epidermis. Spongiosis is mainly intercellular [1] edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid) in the epidermis, [2] and is characteristic of eczematous dermatitis, manifested clinically by intraepidermal vesicles (fluid-containing spaces), "juicy" papules, and/or lichenification. [3]
Variable degree of epidermal spongiosis and vesicle formation, filled with proteinaceous fluid containing lymphocytes and histiocytes. Usually superficial dermal edema with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, with exocytosis. No acanthosis or parakeratosis. Typical findings: [2] Mild to moderate spongiosis and exocytosis of inflammatory cells
Grover's disease (GD) is a polymorphic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis characterized histologically by acantholysis [2]: 529 with or without dyskeratosis. [3] Once confirmed, most cases of Grover's disease last six to twelve months, which is why it was originally called "transient". However it may last much longer.
Early actinic keratosis with parakeratosis, with black arrows indicating one of multiple retained nuclei in the stratum corneum. Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. [1]
The cause of the disease is a haploinsufficiency of the enzyme ATP2C1; [7] the ATP2C1 gene is located on chromosome 3, which encodes the protein hSPCA1.A mutation on one copy of the gene causes only half of this necessary protein to be made and the cells of the skin do not adhere together properly due to malformation of intercellular desmosomes, causing acantholysis, blisters and rashes.
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. [1]
Perinuclear vacuolization of epidermal keratinocytes (one indicated by arrows), in this case an insignificant incidental finding. Subnuclear vacuolization in palisading cell - vacuoles at the basement membrane aspect, resembling a brighter stripe in the periphery of palisades.