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Adults, on the other hand, don't show such propensity. [2] As a consequence, 37.7% of children affected by the tumor live to 4 years. [2] The effect of treatment strategies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy on the prognosis of the disease is still controversial, with studies claiming either their benefits or their ineffectiveness. [2]
The tumor histopathology is jumbled small and large cells. The tissue of this tumor contains many different types of cells including the rhabdoid cells, large spindled cells, epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and areas resembling primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). As much as 70% of the tumor may be made up of PNET-like cells.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a malignant (cancerous) neural crest tumor. [1] It is a rare tumor, usually occurring in children and young adults under 25 years of age. The overall 5 year survival rate is about 53%. [2]
The 5th WHO classification delineates distinct types of tumors, some of them being further divided into subtypes, rendering the former terms entity and variant obsolete. When molecular diagnostics are not complete enough to allow precise classification, diagnosis should be designated by appending not otherwise specified (NOS).
The location of the tumor can help in determining the type of tumor, as different tumors occur with different frequencies at each location. Additionally, most childhood primary brain tumors are infratentorial, while most adult primary brain tumors are supratentorial. The location of the tumor may have prognostic significance as well.
Astroblastoma is a rare glial tumor derived from the astroblast, a type of cell that closely resembles spongioblastoma and astrocytes. [1] Astroblastoma cells are most likely found in the supratentorial region of the brain that houses the cerebrum, an area responsible for all voluntary movements in the body. [2]
The supratentorial is above the tentorium, in the cerebrum, and mostly found in adults (70%). [59] The infratentorial is below the tentorium, in the cerebellum, and mostly found in children (70%). [59] The pontine tumors are located in the pons of the brainstem. The brainstem has three parts (pons, midbrain, and medulla); the pons controls ...
Medulloblastoma is the second-most frequent brain tumor in children after pilocytic astrocytoma [37] and the most common malignant brain tumor in children, comprising 14.5% of newly diagnosed brain tumors. [38] In adults, medulloblastoma is rare, comprising fewer than 2% of CNS malignancies. [39]