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Bradycardia; Hypertension (high blood pressure); Allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnoea (shortness of breath), bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic oedema) Anaphylaxis; Changes in appetite
Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, [1] is an opioid pain medication and a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat moderately severe pain. [12] [16] When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually begins within an hour. [12] It is also available by ...
Sleep Medicine Reviews is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders (sleep medicine). It was established in 1997 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are J. Krieger (Louis Pasteur University) and Michael V Vitiello (University of Washington).
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
(+)-Desmetramadol is a G-protein biased μ-opioid receptor full agonist. [4] It shows comparatively far lower affinity for the δ-and κ-opioid receptors. [5] The two enantiomers of desmetramadol show quite distinct pharmacological profiles; [6] both (+) and (−)-desmetramadol are inactive as serotonin reuptake inhibitors, [7] but (−)-desmetramadol retains activity as a norepinephrine ...
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone.
Tramadol/paracetamol, also known as tramadol/acetaminophen and sold under the brand name Ultracet among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. [3] [4] It contains tramadol, as the hydrochloride, an analgesic; and paracetamol an analgesic. [3] [4] It is taken by mouth. [3] [4]
Tramadol has several enantiomers, and each forms metabolites after processing in the liver. These tramadol variants have varying activities at the μ-opioid receptor, the norepinephrine transporter, and the serotonin transporter, and differing half-lives, with the metabolites having the best activity. Using tramadol as a starting point, the ...
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