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  2. Gun chronograph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_chronograph

    The bullet was fired across the diameter of the wheel so that it pierced the paper on both sides, and the angular difference along with the rotation speed of the wheel was used to compute the bullet velocity. [5] An early chronograph that measures velocity directly was built in 1804 by Grobert, a colonel in the French Army. This used a rapidly ...

  3. Caliber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliber

    The .308 Winchester is measured across the grooves and uses a .308-in diameter (7.82-mm) bullet; the military-specification version is known as 7.62 × 51 mm NATO, so called because the bore diameter measured between the lands is 7.62 mm, and the cartridge has a case 51 mm long.

  4. .32-40 Ballard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.32-40_Ballard

    Land diameter.315 in (8.0 mm) Neck diameter ... Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy; 165 gr (11 g) ... The bullet was a handloaded 170 grain Hornady Jacketed soft point.

  5. Taylor knock-out factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_knock-out_factor

    The Taylor KO factor multiplies bullet mass (measured in grains) by muzzle velocity (measured in feet per second) by bullet diameter (measured in inches) and then divides the product by 7,000, converting the value from grains to pounds and giving a numerical value from 0 to ~150 for normal hunting cartridges.

  6. 9 mm caliber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_mm_caliber

    This is a list of firearm cartridges that have bullets in the 9 millimeters (0.35 in) to 9.99 millimeters (0.393 in) caliber range. Case length refers to the round case length. OAL refers to the overall length of the loaded round. All measurements are given in millimeters, followed by the equivalent in inches between parentheses.

  7. Physics of firearms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_firearms

    Example: A .44 Remington Magnum with a 240-grain (0.016 kg) jacketed bullet is fired at 1,180 feet per second (360 m/s) [2] at a 170-pound (77 kg) target. What velocity is imparted to the target (assume the bullet remains embedded in the target and thus practically loses all its velocity)?

  8. Caliber (artillery) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)

    All three had a bore diameter of 5 inches (not 5.51 or 5.25 or 5.38 as often misread). Naval rifles, although constructed and manufactured in roughly the same manners as land-based artillery, were built to much more stringent and studious standards than land-based weapons, and for good reason. At sea, a weapon had to perform, without fail.

  9. Muzzle velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle_velocity

    So, the muzzle velocity of a 2-inch (51 mm) barrel is less than that of a 4-inch (100 mm) barrel, which is less than that of a 6-inch (150 mm) barrel. Large naval guns will have high length-to-diameter ratios, ranging between 38:1 to 50:1. This length ratio maximizes the projectile velocity.